Business Cycle Theory :: essays research papers

The Sticky-Wage Model In this model, economists pursue the sluggish adjustment of nominal wages path to explain why it is that the short-run aggregate supply curve is upward sloping. For sticky nominal wages, an increase in the price level lowers the real wage therefore making labor cheaper for firms. Cheaper labor means that firms will hire more labor, and the increased labor will in turn produce more output. The time period where the nominal wage cannot adjust to the changes in price level and output signifies the positive sloping aggregate supply curve. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The nominal wage is set by the workers and the firms based on the target real wage, which may or may not be the labor supply & demand equilibrium, and on price level expectation. W =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¹   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pe Nominal Wage = Target Real Wage * Expected Price Level After the nominal wage has been set but before any hiring, firms learn the actual price level (P). From this the real wage is derived W/P = à ¹ * Pe/P Real Wage = Target Real Wage * Expected Price Level/Actual Price Level From the equation, real wage = target real wage when expected price level = actual price level real wage > target real wage when expected price level < actual price level real wage < target real wage when expected price level > actual price level The bargaining between workers and firms determine the nominal wage rate but not the actual level of employment. This is determined by the firms’ hiring decisions and the labor demand function L = Ld(W/P) Output is determined by the production function, Y = F(L). The aggregate supply curve, under the sticky-wage model, summarizes the two functions and the relationship between the price level and output. Any unexpected changes in the price level cause a deviation in the real wage, which in turn, affects the amount of labor and output. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The major weakness of the sticky-wage model however, is that in any model with an unchanging labor demand curve, unemployment falls when the real wage falls. Under this model the opposite happens, which means that the real wage should be countercyclical. Economic data over the past decades in the U.S. shows that the real wage in fact tends to rise along with output. This is evidence contrary to Keynes predictions in the General Theory. The Imperfect-Information Model Characteristics: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assumes that the market is clear – all wages and prices are free to adjust in order to balance supply and demand – and that differences in the short-run and long-run aggregate supply curves are from misperceptions about prices

A New Kind of Dreaming – Summary

Anthony Eaton’s a new Kind of Dreaming helps the reader to recognise the various challenges and conflicts that cause the characters to change and grow. Anthony Eaton best expresses Jamie as an outsider that is trying to find his place in the world, while uncovering the secrets of Port Barren’s shady past. This changes Jamie from an adolescent delinquent to a responsible and admirable person. Jaime develops friendships that lead him to trusting and sympathetic qualities that are unusual for him in his past of crime. Jamie faces a challenge to build a stronger relationship with Cameron, but this is an obstacle for Cameron as he tries to understand Jamie and tries to push the stereotypes of him away. Early in Jamie’s arrival in Port Barren, he evolves different relationships and forms a close bond with Cameron that challenges him to trust and care. His mentor and guide in this story is Archie, who challenges Jamie with a dreamtime story called ‘The Wanderers and the Lost Ones’ which makes him really think about where he lays. While Jamie was traveling through the desert with Cameron, he is challenged to take on new qualities and discover a new person. The challenges and conflicts that Jamie faces, turns him into a new and more preferable individual. Body Paragraph 1: As Jamie begins to strengthen his relationship with Cameron he becomes a different and greater character. Jamie discovers more admirable qualities from Cameron such as trust and loyalty. Cameron was the one person that didn’t judge Jamie by his reputation or personality and stood by him the whole entire journey, this was the beginning of their long lasting relationship. This experience was new to Jamie as he spent of lot of his life changing foster homes. He valued Cameron for his down to earth character. This example is shown to the reader from the novel when Cameron says, â€Å"I was out for my morning run when I noticed you lying here, you sure you’re okay? † [Page 53] this shows that Cameron really cares about Jamie and for his welfare even through everyone were judging him for his criminal records and stereotypes of him were soon spreading across the community. Having Cameron in his life changed Jamie and challenged him to become a more preferable person. Body Paragraph 2: A challenge that Jamie has to face and overcome is when he tries to have some sense of belonging to the community of Port Barren. Archie, his guardian throughout the novel, tells him his version of a dreamtime story called ‘The wanderers and the lost ones’. This story challenges Jamie to think whether he is lost or a wanderer. This makes him feel responsible for finding out who is disturbing the balance and it is up to him to try and restore it. This is shown to the reader when Jamie thinks, â€Å"It was weird, no beginning, no middle, no end, no plot. And yet he couldn’t shake the feeling that there was something important behind the strange words. He pondered it but couldn’t make anything of it† [page 126]. The story makes Jamie wonder who he is and how he belongs in the community. This challenges him to think more about himself and what he needs to do to change and become a better person. This also made him change the way he thought about himself, it made him to thrive to do the best he can. Conclusion: Jamie faces many conflicts and challenges throughout the novel and they all have an effect that makes him change in character. Jamie’s close relationship with Cameron helps him to thrive to be more confident about himself. This also gives him the good qualities to trust people and give them respect that they deserve. Archie’s story ‘The wonderers and the Lost ones’ challenges Jamie to look for the answer and made him change the way he though about himself, the story left him wanting him to have some sense of belonging in his life. Trekking through the desert has changed Jamie as a person and the way he looks at life. Jamie experiences countless challenges and conflicts through the novel, a new kind of dreaming, and all lead him to growth and change in the way he lives.

Laughter is the best medicine Essay

Laughter is the Best Medicine.† What do you think of this old saying? To me, it means that a cheerful frame of mind will not cure you, but it will make you think less about your ailments. Did you know that there are a lot of health benefits just from one simple laughter? First, just by laughing, you can reduce the level of stress drastically. Secondly, it helps to create a stronger bond between you and the people around you. Not only that, laughter helps to lower the chance of getting health problems. Last but not least, laughter helps to make an individual looks younger, cheerful and attractive. I reckon, sometimes we take life way too seriously. As we grow up, we tend to run through our lives with such a speed that we have no time left to laugh. â€Å"Is this what you want your life to be like to grow old without happiness but diseases?† If you are feeling down, laughing aloud may seem impossible. When you see people laughing out loud, you might be thinking â€Å"Dude, stop being so inconsiderate and annoying.† But if you are the one that is laughing out loud, you wouldn’t think that’s the case because you enjoy laughing too much. Although you probably can’t laugh off depression, one of the many benefits of laughter is that they buffer you against the negatives of life that could lead to depression. Laughter comes to be handy especially when you are in the senior years in high school. Take me as an example, 5 internals in a week can really kill my mood. That week was as awful as hell. However, I didn’t sit around being all upset over this instead I looked on a bright side and cheered myself up by laughing at the same humour with my friends. Research has proven that people that use humour to get rid of depression will feel less lonely and more positive about themselves. If there is a free natural antidote in front of you right now, why don’t you simply give it a try? It may help you to ride out of the tough times and other hurdles.

How Businesses in Puerto Rico Are Using Social Networks Essay Essays

How Businesses in Puerto Rico Are Using Social Networks Essay Essays How Businesses in Puerto Rico Are Using Social Networks Essay Essay How Businesses in Puerto Rico Are Using Social Networks Essay Essay Social Media Gives Industrial Companies Competitive Advantage. Says Thomas Industrial Network Report March 29. 2012 New York. NY Industrial companies that hesitate to encompass societal media. believing that rivals are non utilizing these platforms. are in danger of losing concern chances. harmonizing to recent research from Thomas Industrial Network. In fact. seven out of 10 little and midsize providers ( 68 per centum ) are already prosecuting with chances through these channels. deriving a competitory advantage over those who have yet to get down. More than 3. 000 respondents to Thomas studies say that they routinely use societal media to market their merchandises and services. generate leads. reply inquiries. behavior research. and derive new concern. Thomas studied the behaviours of providers ( i. e. . makers and distributers ) through its Industrial Marketer study. and purchasers through its Industrial Purchasing Barometer ( IPB ) . The research focused on their usage of platforms such as LinkedIn. YouTube. Twitter. Facebook. industry forums. and web logs. The responses paint a image of an industrial sector that has made societal networking a mainstream concern pattern. Buyers on a regular basis rely on societal media to carry on research on companies. and to seek others sentiments on peculiar providers. Indeed. 56 per centum of purchasers now recommend that all providers set up a societal media presence if they want to make concern with them. In response. providers are leaping onto the societal media bandwagon to supply information on their offerings ( 41 per centum ) . happen new chances ( 27 per centum ) . and larn what clients have to state about their companies ( 20 per centum ) . The industrial sector is rousing to the fact that societal media isn T merely a ephemeral consumer illusion. but an indispensable portion of any stigmatization and selling plan. said Susan Orr. Senior Director. Strategic Marketing. Thomas Industrial Network. Savvy providers besides understand that the most effectual societal media plans need changeless attention and eating. To act upon prospective purchasers. providers need to continually update their societal media content. and to be actively prosecuting in and initiating conversations. But for many industrial providers. giving the resources and holding the in-house expertness to pull off societal media is a challenge. In response. Thomas Industrial Network late launched a new. cost effectual plan to assist them take advantage of this of import new channel. The Social Media Program helps providers reach chances who are seeking information and advice for their concerns through channels such as LinkedIn. Twitter. Blogs. Facebook and Google+ . Thomas takes the work off their custodies. managing everything from scheme Sessionss and end scene. to composing and posting alone content for each company. We re thrilled to offer a turn-key and low-cost plan that leverages Thomas 115 old ages of experience conveying purchasers and providers of industrial merchandises and services together. said Phil Paranicas. Director of Digital Media. Thomas Industrial Network. We have made it easy for any provider to take part in societal networking. and to get down making and act uponing those chances who regularly use these platforms. For more information on Thomas Social Media Program. delight contact Mr. Paranicas at 212- 629-2134 or [ electronic mail protected ]/*Thomas has besides merely published a new. free white paper. Why industrial concerns need to hold a societal media presence and how to acquire started. which includes extra consequences of its studies. and provides societal media best patterns. To download a complimentary transcript. please visit: hypertext transfer protocol: //promoteyourbusiness. thomasnet. com/white-papers/ . About Thomas Industrial Network ® Thomas Industrial Network is an advanced information and engineering company that helps industrial concerns to link. collaborate and grow. We help companies to develop a complete web scheme. enabling them to portion merchandise informations through all of their gross revenues channels. As a consequence. we help industrial companies to increase gross revenues. better client relationships and spread out into new markets. One of our cardinal offerings is ThomasNet. com. the premier web site for merchandise sourcing and provider find and choice. We besides provide strategic web site development. tools and engineering for industrial concerns to pull off and portion merchandise and service informations internally and externally. They include WebCAD publication. and syndication of elaborate merchandise informations to impart spouses. Custom SPEC was designed for the alone demands of usage makers. Additionally. we offer societal media plans and hunt engine optimisation services to assist these concerns build trade name consciousness and generate leads. Our Sailing master Platform is the hub through which we help our clients to pull off their information. Our focal point on the industrial sector for more than a century gives Thomas Industrial Network a alone position to expect and present new solutions that help industrial concerns grow. Visit us today to larn more. Home Supplier Search Product Search Product News CAD Drawings About Us SiteMaps Categories Featured Companies Featured Categories Featured Merchandises Community Log In to MyThomas Sign Up for MyThomas Contact ThomasNet Provide Feedback Forums Careers Extra Resources Guides | White Papers Resources Press Room Testimonials FAQs Tools A ; Gadgets Job Board Deal of the Day Promote Your Business Free Listing Advertising Services Log In to Client Center  © 2013 Thomas Publishing Company. All rights reserved. See Footings and Conditionss or Privacy Statement. Website Last Modified January 31. 2013. Thomas Register ® and Thomas Regional ® are portion of ThomasNet. com. ThomasNet Is A Registered Trademark Of Thomas Publishing Company. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. thomasnet. com/print/pressroom/news/social-media-gives-industrial-companies†¦ 1/31/2013

Macbeth Tragic Hero Or A Dead Butcher English Literature Essay Essay Example

Macbeth Tragic Hero Or A Dead Butcher English Literature Essay Essay Example Macbeth Tragic Hero Or A Dead Butcher English Literature Essay Paper Macbeth Tragic Hero Or A Dead Butcher English Literature Essay Paper In my sentiment, Macbeth is represented as a tragic hero. Macbeth s characger is a authoritative illustration of a Shakespearian tragic hero. In many of Shakespeare s calamities, the chief character starts off as a really courageous, epic individual whom everyone praises. However as clip moves on, the character loses repute because he has to confront a moral quandary and fatal defect. In Macbeth, Act 1 Scene 2, we know that Macbeth is the chief character, because of his brave actions in the conflict. A tragic hero s exceeding nature by and large raises him above the mean degree of humanity. Macbeth s instance the fatal defect, katharsis was his aspiration. Macbeth s gallantry can be seen by the manner Macbeth rejects fortune that is personified as a glorious warrior. Macbeth is described as Brave Macbeth and besides as a retainer of the God Valour ; he is Valour s minion . The godMacbeth s violent nature supports his place as a hero contending for Scotland. Macbeth is seen to hold unseamed him from the nave to the chops. Shakespeare creates a violent imagination of Macbeth viciously killing Macdonwald. Clearly this is violent but besides adept. The usage of unseamed is a metaphor from vesture that shows his preciseness and expertness. Macbeth can be seen as a heroic warrior as he is contending for Scotland. He is represented as a valorous character who hunts down Scotland s enemies. Carved out his transition boulder clay he faced the slave We can see Macbeth s accomplishment as he carves like an expert. He is an complete violent death machine, but because he serves Scotland he is non a meatman even though he has the accomplishments of a meatman. When Macbeth and Banquo returned to Scotland, Macbeth was greeted by 3 enchantresss with 3 different salutations. The three enchantresss say, All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Glamis! All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! All hail Macbeth that shalt be king afterlife. ( Act 1 Scene 3 Line 48 ) Macbeth did non believe the enchantresss prognostications at first, but after Ross informs Macbeth that the male monarch has merely gave him the place of Thane of Cawdor he starts to believe that they are true. When the prognostication of being the thane of Cawdor, he thinks that it is obvious that the other prognostication of going the male monarch will come true every bit good. This declines his aristocracy by thought of being a male monarch, which means that he would hold to interrupt the concatenation of being. The concatenation of being is the position of God, Jesus, angels, male monarchs and etc. and the King is God s appointed representative so Macbeth can non be King. Besides, Macbeth knows that if Duncan dies for some ground, it would be the princes who d be the male monarchs afterwards. Macbeth becomes confused about how he d be a male monarch when he was nowhere near the throne line but he still tries to believe about how to go the male monarch as he is influenced by his fatal defect ; aspiration. In Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth knows about the enchantresss prognostications. Lady Macbeth truly wants to go the queen of Scotland, hence she starts promoting Macbeth to slay King Duncan. Lady Macbeth puts an tremendous impact on Macbeth of slaying Duncan. At first, he denied Lady Macbeth s suggestion, but in the terminal he does slay Duncan which is his moral quandary. I ll travel no more ; I am afraid to believe what I have done ; Look I wo nt once more I dare non. ( Act 2, scene 2, line 51 ) This quotation mark is when Macbeth came back after slaying Duncan and Tells Lady Macbeth that he would neer make such thing once more. This shows that Macbeth is scared about the title he has done. Lady Macbeth so takes control of this state of affairs, where Macbeth is excessively frightened to make anything. This quotation mark is when Lady Macbeth says that this H2O will clean their bloody custodies and wipe out their wickedness. a small H2O clears us of this title. ( Act 2, Scene 2, line 67 ) . The 3rd prognostication comes true after Malcolm and Donalbein runs off from Scotland, scared for their lives and Macbeth becomes the King of Scotland. However, now he is eager to make anything to maintain on being the male monarch of Scotland. Therefore, he hired bravos to kill Banquo because he knows about the prognostication and Banquo has started to surmise Macbeth. At this point, Macbeth s place declines even more than when it was when Macbeth had murdered King Duncan. Killing your best friend to stay as a male monarch is non really heroic. He besides, wanted Banquo s boies to be killed, because the prognostication said that Banquo s boies would be male monarchs. This means that Banquo s boy, Fleance would be a menace to Macbeth or his posterities. However, Fleance flights and Macbeth becomes irritated. He says, Then comes my fit once more ; I had else been perfect. Whole as the marble, founded a the stone, as wide and general as the casing air, but now I am cabined, cribbed, confined, edge in to saucy uncertainties and frights. But Banquo s safe? ( Act 3 Scene 4 lines 21 ) Macbeth s diminution in position is really clear now. Macbeth is a whole different character since the beginning of the drama. He was loyal to the male monarch in the beginning, but now he is non afraid of anything. He thought of nil of killing neither Duncan nor Banquo. He was non afraid of the effects of his actions even though he knew precisely what they would be. This is besides another portion of Aristotle s theory on tragic heroes. After this at Act 4 Scene 1, Macbeth visits the enchantresss to cognize more about what would go on to him in the hereafter. When Macbeth arrived the enchantresss were fixing the charming caldron. Macbeth demands the enchantresss to reply his inquiries when Hecate says that all is ready to be done. Macbeth drinks the caldron the enchantresss give him and the first phantom appears and warns to Macbeth that he should be cognizant of Macduff. In my sentiment, Macbeth is a tragic hero in this Shakespeare drama. The Aristotle theory about tragic heroes backs the drama up. Harmonizing to Aristotle s theory about tragic heroes, the character must be at a high position in the beginning, have some virtuousnesss, have a tragic defect, and attain readers understanding in the terminal of the narrative. Macbeth fits into all the demands as a tragic hero. Therefore he is a tragic hero.

Laissez-faire Versus Government Intervention

Laissez-faire Versus Government Intervention Historically, the U.S. government policy toward business was summed up by the French term laissez-faire leave it alone. The concept came from the economic theories of Adam Smith, the 18th-century Scot whose writings greatly influenced the growth of American capitalism. Smith believed that private interests should have a free rein. As long as markets were free and competitive, he said, the actions of private individuals, motivated by self-interest, would work together for the greater good of society. Smith did favor some forms of government intervention, mainly to establish the ground rules for free enterprise. But it was his advocacy of laissez-faire practices that earned him favor in America, a country built on faith in the individual and distrust of authority. Laissez-faire practices have not prevented private interests from turning to the government for help on numerous occasions, however. Railroad companies accepted grants of land and public subsidies in the 19th century. Industries facing strong competition from abroad have long appealed for protections through trade policy. American agriculture, almost totally in private hands, has benefited from government assistance. Many other industries also have sought and received aid ranging from tax breaks to outright subsidies from the government. Government regulation of private industry can be divided into two categories economic regulation and social regulation. Economic regulation seeks, primarily, to control prices. Designed in theory to protect consumers and certain companies (usually small businesses) from more powerful companies, it often is justified on the grounds that fully competitive market conditions do not exist and therefore cannot provide such protections themselves. In many cases, however, economic regulations were developed to protect companies from what they described as destructive competition with each other. Social regulation, on the other hand, promotes objectives that are not economic such as safer workplaces or a cleaner environment. Social regulations seek to discourage or prohibit harmful corporate behavior or to encourage behavior deemed socially desirable. The government controls smokestack emissions from factories, for instance, and it provides tax breaks to companies that offer their employees health and retirement benefits that meet certain standards. American history has seen the pendulum swing repeatedly between laissez-faire principles and demands for government regulation of both types. For the last 25 years, liberals and conservatives alike have sought to reduce or eliminate some categories of economic regulation, agreeing that the regulations wrongly protected companies from competition at the expense of consumers. Political leaders have had much sharper differences over social regulation, however. Liberals have been much more likely to favor government intervention that promotes a variety of non-economic objectives, while conservatives have been more likely to see it as an intrusion that makes businesses less competitive and less efficient. - Next Article: Growth of Government Intervention in the Economy This article is adapted from the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

History - Essay Example In order to coordinate government efforts the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands ("Freedmens Bureau") was created on 4 March, 1865. The purpose of the new body was to help millions of just emancipated slaves with recourses and education means. The Bureau was responsible for distribution for food, fuel and clothing to impoverished freedmen and for supervision of â€Å"all the subjects relating to their condition† (Howard, 10) in former Confederation states. Nevertheless in spite of all its accomplishments, the Bureau is also notorious for its corruption and lack of efficiency. The agents often abused their authority to wring money out of those whom they were supposed to help. The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands existed officially for a year. Lacking both manpower and funding, affected by corruption it failed to complete what was a really tremendous task the Bureau nevertheless did really much to provide just emancipated former slaves with access to education, fair practices in labor and equal